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ÇáÑÇÕÏ ÇáÅÎÈÇÑí
24-03-2024, 01:26 AM
<p ><span ><span >Úáì ãÑø ÇáÚÕæÑ¡ ÃÓåã ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáãÝßÑíä ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏííä Ýí ÊÛííÑ ØÑíÞÉ Ýåã ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ ÈæÖÚ äÙÑíÇÊ ÌÏíÏÉ¡ æáÇ ÊÒÇá ÈÚÖ ÇáäãÇÐÌ ÇáÊí ßÇäÊ ÑÇÆÏÉ Ýí ÇáÓÇÈÞ ãÄËÑÉ Åáì íæãäÇ åÐÇ ÍÊì ÈÚÏ ãÑæÑ ÞÑæä.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÊÞÑíÑ¡ ÓäÚÑÖ áß ÚÔÑÉ ãä åÄáÇÁ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏííä æäÔÑÍ ÊÃËíÑåã Úáì ÇáãÌÊãÚ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><strong ><a data-auth="Verified" data-linkindex="0" href="https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.argaam.com%2Far%2Farticle%2 Fargaamfavoritedata=05%7C02%7CWalid.Bouabid%40arga am.com%7Cf7d906b389e6499fcd4808dc32bf24e5%7Caabd51 e45209449f92007785987beded%7C0%7C0%7C6384410437419 95765%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAi LCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0 %7C%7C%7Csdata=36SYWMAjAdXOB7%2BKG9WNeZb275iMkLaZk gp3L5lpffk%3Dreserved=0" id="LPlnk456153" originalsrc="https://www.argaam.com/ar/article/argaamfavorite" rel="noopener noreferrer" shash="GFS8E63yuwdjXFvyy6saVWCq9B+Tq4GHSOLTHp3tZ9Ma3zxX8f aHObs+NFFFUkfmk/RmD+v1kYm7eWTcFnaWyeSbvelHPMCpbZJ5jykr4zh+Y8QTaGhj TjmZri9ZBe//UJ2p6Q+IBTzU0SFKkH85ykzx1csm8tqFV6xpHNOztYE=" target="_blank" title="Original URL: https://www.argaam.com/ar/article/argaamfavorite. Click or tap if you trust this link.">ááÇØáÇÚ Úáì ÇáãÒíÏ ãä ÇáãæÇÖíÚ æÇáÊÞÇÑíÑ Ýí ÕÝÍÉ ãÎÊÇÑÇÊ ÃÑÞÇã</a></strong></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong><span >10 ÇÞÊÕÇÏííä ãÄËÑíä ÛíÑæÇ ÊÇÑíÎ ÃãÑíßÇ</span></strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>1- ÂÏã ÓãíË</strong></span></span></p>

<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>(1723-1790)</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ßÇä ÂÏã ÓãíË ÝíáÓæÝðÇ ÃÓßÊáäÏíðÇ¡ æåæ íáÞÈ ÈÃÈí Úáã ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ ÇáÍÏíË¡ ÃáÝ ßÊÇÈ "ËÑæÉ ÇáÃãã" æåæ æÇÍÏ ãä ÃÞÏã æÃÔåÑ ÇáÃØÑæÍÇÊ Ýí ÇáÕäÇÚÉ æÇáÊÌÇÑÉ æÇáÐí Íáá Ýíå ÚãáíÉ Êßæíä ÇáËÑæÉ æÊÑÇßãåÇ. æíÚÊÈÑ åÐÇ ÇáßÊÇÈ ÇáÚãæÏ ÇáÝÞÑí ááÓíÇÓÇÊ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ Ýí ÌãíÚ ÃäÍÇÁ ÇáÚÇáã Çáíæã.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >æÞÏ ÇÈÊßÑ ÇÓÊÚÇÑÉ "ÇáíÏ ÇáÎÝíÉ" ááÅÔÇÑÉ Åáì Ãä ÇáÃÝÑÇÏ íÍÞÞæä ÇáãÕáÍÉ ÇáÚÇãÉ ÈÓÚíåã áÊÍÞíÞ ãÕÇáÍåã ÇáÎÇÕÉ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >Ýí äåÇíÉ ÍíÇÊå¡ ÏãÑ ÓãíË ãÚÙã ãÎØæØÇÊå¡ æÑÛã äÌÇÉ ÈÚÖåÇ¡ ÝÅäå áã íÊÍ ááÚÇáã ÃÈÏðÇ ãÚÑÝÉ ÃÝßÇÑå æäÙÑíÇÊå ÇáäåÇÆíÉ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>2- ÏíÝíÏ ÑíßÇÑÏæ</strong></span></span></p>

<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>(1772-1823)</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÌÇÁÊ ãÓÇåãÇÊ ÑíßÇÑÏæ Ýí ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ ãä ÎáÝíÉ ÚãáíÉ ÃßËÑ ãä ÂÏã ÓãíË. ÇäÖã ÑíßÇÑÏæ Åáì æÇáÏå ááÚãá Ýí ÈæÑÕÉ áäÏä Ýí Óä ÇáÑÇÈÚÉ ÚÔÑÉ¡ æÓÑÚÇä ãÇ äÌÍ Ýí ÇáãÖÇÑÈÉ Ýí ÇáÃÓåã æÇáÚÞÇÑÇÊ. </span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÈÚÏ ÞÑÇÁÉ ßÊÇÈ "ËÑæÉ ÇáÃãã" Ýí ÚÇã 1799¡ ÇåÊã ÈÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ¡ Úáì ÇáÑÛã ãä äÔÑ ãÞÇáÊå ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ ÇáÃæáì ÈÚÏ ãÇ íÞÑÈ ãä 10 ÓäæÇÊ. </span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÃÕÈÍ ÑíßÇÑÏæ ÚÖæðÇ Ýí ÇáÈÑáãÇä ÇáÈÑíØÇäí¡ æããËáÇð áÈáÏíÉ ÃíÑáäÏÇ Ýí ÚÇã 1819.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ßÇä ÑíßÇÑÏæ ÕÑíÍðÇ Ýí ÇáãÖí ÞÏãðÇ Ýí ÇáÍÌÉ ÖÏ ÇáÍãÇÆíÉ¡ áßäå ÑÈãÇ íßæä ÞÏ ÊÑß ÃßÈÑ ÈÕãÇÊå Úáì ÇáÅíÌÇÑÇÊ æÇáÖÑÇÆÈ æÇáÃÌæÑ æÇáÃÑÈÇÍ ãä ÎáÇá æÕã ÊæÌå ÃÕÍÇÈ ÇáÚÞÇÑÇÊ ÇáÐíä íÓÊæáæä Úáì ÇáËÑæÉ Úáì ÍÓÇÈ ÇáÚãÇá æÅÙåÇÑ ÃÖÑÇÑå Úáì ÇáãÌÊãÚ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>3- ÃáÝÑíÏ ãÇÑÔÇá</strong></span></span></p>

<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>(1842-1942)</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÞÏ íßæä ãÇÑÔÇá åæ ÇáÃÞá ÔåÑÉ Èíä ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏííä ÇáÚÙãÇÁ áÃäå áã íÏÇÝÚ Úä Ãí äÙÑíÇÊ ÑÇÏíßÇáíÉ. æãÚ Ðáß¡ íõäÓÈ Åáíå ãÍÇæáÉ ÊØÈíÞ ÇáÑíÇÖíÇÊ ÇáÕÇÑãÉ Úáì ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ áÊÍæíá ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ Åáì Úáã ÃßËÑ ãäå ÝáÓÝÉ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >Úáì ÇáÑÛã ãä ÊÑßíÒå Úáì ÇáÑíÇÖíÇÊ¡ ÓÚì ãÇÑÔÇá Åáì ÊÈÓíØ Úãáå áíÝåãå ÇáÚÇãɺ ÃÕÈÍ ßÊÇÈå "ÇÞÊÕÇÏíÇÊ ÇáÕäÇÚÉ" Ýí ÚÇã 1879 ãÓÊÎÏãðÇ Úáì äØÇÞ æÇÓÚ Ýí ÅäÌáÊÑÇ ßãäåÌ ÏÑÇÓí.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ßãÇ ÃãÖì ãÇ íÞÑÈ ãä 10 ÓäæÇÊ Ýí ÇáÚãá Úáì ßÊÇÈ "ãÈÇÏÆ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ" Ýí ÚÇã 1890¡ æÇáÐí ËÈÊ Ãäå Ãåã ÃÚãÇáå.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >íõäÓÈ Åáíå ÇáÝÖá Ýí ÅÏÇãÉ ãäÍäíÇÊ ÇáÚÑÖ æÇáØáÈ æÇáãäÝÚÉ ÇáÍÏíÉ æÊßÇáíÝ ÇáÅäÊÇÌ ÇáÍÏíÉ Ýí äãæÐÌ ãæÍÏ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>4- Ìæä ãÇíäÇÑÏ ßíäÒ</strong></span></span></p>

<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>(1883-1946)</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ßíäÒ åæ ÃÍÏ ÃßËÑ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏííä äÝæÐÇ Ýí ÇáÞÑä ÇáÚÔÑíä¡ æÞÏ ØæøÑ äãæÐÌå ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏí ÇáÎÇÕ ÇáÐí íÚÑÝ ÈÇÓã "ÇáäãæÐÌ ÇáßíäÒí" ÇáÐí íÍáá ÇáÚáÇÞÉ Èíä ãÚÏá ÇáÊæÙíÝ æãÓÊæì ÇáÏÎá.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÊÈäì ßíäÒ æÌåÉ äÙÑ ãÝÇÏåÇ Ãä ÇáÃÓæÇÞ ÇáÍÑÉ ÓæÝ ÊÓÇÚÏ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ Úáì ÇÓÊÚÇÏÉ ãÓÊæì ÇáÊÔÛíá ÇáßÇãá ááÚãÇáÉ ÊáÞÇÆíÇ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ßãÇ ÃíøÏ ÊÏÎá ÇáÏæáÉ Ýí ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ ÃËäÇÁ ÝÊÑÇÊ ÇáÇÒÏåÇÑ æÇáßÓÇÏ¡ æåí ÇáÓíÇÓÉ ÇáÊí ÇÚÊãÏÊåÇ ãÚÙã ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏÇÊ ÇáÛÑÈíÉ ÎáÇá ÇáËáÇËíäíÇÊ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >Ýí ÚÇã 1936¡ ßÊÈ ßíäÒ Úãáå ÇáÃÓÇÓí¡ "ÇáäÙÑíÉ ÇáÚÇãÉ ááÊæÙíÝ æÇáÝÇÆÏÉ æÇáãÇá"¡ ÇáÊí ÏÚÊ Åáì ÊÏÎá ÇáÍßæãÉ áÊÚÒíÒ ÇáÇÓÊåáÇß æÇáÇÓÊËãÇѺ ßãÇ ÏÝÚÊ ááÊÎÝíÝ ãä ÍÏÉ ÇáßÓÇÏ ÇáßÈíÑ ÇáÚÇáãí ÇáÐí ßÇä ãÓÊÚÑÇð Ýí Ðáß ÇáæÞÊ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>5- ãíáÊæä ÝÑíÏãÇä</strong></span></span></p>

<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>(1912-2006)</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÇÞÊÕÇÏí ÃãÑíßí¡ æãä Ãåã ãäÙÑí "ÇáäÙÑíÉ ÇáäÞÏíÉ"¡ ÍÇÕá Úáì ÌÇÆÒÉ "äæÈá" Ýí ÇáÚáæã ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ Ýí ÚÇã 1976¡ áÅäÌÇÒÇÊå Ýí ãÌÇáÇÊ ÊÍáíá ÇáÇÓÊåáÇß æÇáÊÇÑíÎ ÇáäÞÏí æÇáäÙÑí.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ßÇä áÎØÇÈå Ýí ÚÇã 1988 ÃãÇã ÇáØáÇÈ æÇáÚáãÇÁ ÇáÕíäííä Ýí ÓÇä ÝÑÇäÓíÓßæ¡ æÇáÐí ÃÔÇÑ Ýíå Åáì åæäÛ ßæäÛ ßÃÝÖá ãËÇá Úáì ÓíÇÓÇÊ ÚÏã ÇáÊÏÎá¡ ÊÃËíÑ ãÈÇÔÑ Úáì ÇáÅÕáÇÍÇÊ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ ÇááÇÍÞÉ Ýí ÇáÕíä.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>6 æ7 ÃÈåíÌíÊ ÈÇäíÑÌí æÅÓÊÑ ÏæÝáæ</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >æõáÏ ÃÈåíÌíÊ ÈÇäíÑÌí Ýí ãæãÈÇí áÚÇÆáÉ ãä ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏííä. ßÇä æÇáÏÇå ÃÓÇÊÐÉ Ýí ßáßÊÇ¡ æÊáÞì ÊÚáíãå ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏí Ýí ÇáåäÏ ÞÈá ÍÕæáå Úáì ÏÑÌÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑÇå ãä ÌÇãÚÉ åÇÑÝÇÑÏ. </span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >æåæ íÏÑÓ ÇáÂä Ýí ãÚåÏ ãÇÓÇÊÔæÓÊÓ ááÊßäæáæÌíÇ¡ ÍíË ÇáÊÞì ÈÒæÌÊå¡ ÇáÎÈíÑÉ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ ÇáÝÑäÓíÉ ÇáãæáÏ ÅÓÊÑ ÏæÝáæ. </span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >Ýí ÚÇã 2003¡ ÔÇÑßÇ Ýí ÊÃÓíÓ ãÎÊÈÑ ãßÇÝÍÉ ÇáÝÞÑ ãÚ ÓíäÏíá ãæáÇíäÇËÇä.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >íÔÊåÑ ãÎÊÈÑ ãßÇÝÍÉ ÇáÝÞÑ ÈäåÌå ÇáÊÌÑíÈí Ýí ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ ÇáÊäãæí. ÈÏáÇð ãä ÇáÇÚÊãÇÏ Úáì ÇáäãÇÐÌ ÇáÑíÇÖíÉ Ãæ ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáãÑÇÞÈÉ¡ ÃäÔà ÈÇäíÑÌí æÏæÝáæ ÊÌÇÑÈ ÚÔæÇÆíÉ áÊÍÏíÏ ÝÚÇáíÉ ÇáÅäÝÇÞ ÇáÍßæãí Úáì ÇáãæÇÏ ÇáÊÚáíãíÉ æÇááÞÇÍÇÊ æÇáÓíÇÓÇÊ ÇáÃÎÑì.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÍÕá ÈÇäíÑÌí æÏæÝáæ Úáì ÌÇÆÒÉ äæÈá ááÇÞÊÕÇÏ Ýí ÚÇã 2019¡ ÅÖÇÝÉð Åáì ãÇíßá ßÑíãÑ ãä ÌÇãÚÉ ÔíßÇÛæ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >Ýí ãÈÇÏÑÊåã ÇáÃÎíÑÉ¡ íãæá ãÎÊÈÑ ãßÇÝÍÉ ÇáÝÞÑ ãÔÇÑíÚ áãÚÇáÌÉ äÙÇã ÇáÑÚÇíÉ ÇáÕÍíÉ Ýí ÇáæáÇíÇÊ ÇáãÊÍÏÉ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>8- äæÑííá ÑæÈíäí</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÍÕá Úáì ÏÑÌÉ ÇáÈßÇáæÑíæÓ Ýí ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏ ãä ãíáÇäæ¡ ÞÈá Ãä íÍÕá Úáì ÏÑÌÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑÇå ãä ÌÇãÚÉ åÇÑÝÇÑÏ. æåæ íÏÑøöÓ ÇáÂä Ýí ßáíÉ ÓÊíÑä ááÃÚãÇá ÈÌÇãÚÉ äíæíæÑß.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ÈÇáÅÖÇÝÉ Åáì ÇáÃÈÍÇË¡ ÓÇåã ÑæÈíäí ÃíÖðÇ Ýí ÕäÚ ÇáÓíÇÓÇÊ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ Ýí ãÄÓÓÇÊ ãËá ÇáÈäß ÇáÏæáí æÕäÏæÞ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÏæáí æÇáÇÍÊíÇØí ÇáÝíÏÑÇáí.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >ßãÇ Úãá Ýí ãÌáÓ ÇáÈíÊ ÇáÃÈíÖ ááãÓÊÔÇÑíä ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏííä ÎáÇá ÅÏÇÑÉ ßáíäÊæä¡ æßÐáß Ýí æÒÇÑÉ ÇáÎÒÇäÉ.</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >íÔÊåÑ ÑæÈíäí ÈÇáÊäÈÄ ÇáÏÞíÞ ÈÇáÃÒãÉ ÇáãÇáíÉ áÚÇã 2008. Ýí æÑÞÉ ÈÍËíÉ áÚÇã 2006 áÕäÏæÞ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÏæáí¡ ÍÐÑ ãä Ãä ÝÞÇÚÉ ÇáÚÞÇÑÇÊ ÓÊäåÇÑ ÞÑíÈðÇ¡ ããÇ íÊÓÈÈ Ýí ÑßæÏ ßÈíÑ. </span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span >íõÚÑÝ ÑæÈíäí ÃíÖðÇ ÈãæÞÝå ÇáÓáÈí ãä ÇáÈíÊßæíä¡ æÇáÐí æÕÝå ÈÃäå "ÃÕá ßá ÚãáíÇÊ ÇáÇÍÊíÇá". ßãÇ ÇäÊÞÏ ÊÞäíÉ ÇáÈáæß ÊÔíä "ÚÏíãÉ ÇáÝÇÆÏÉ".</span></span></p>

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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>9- åíÑäÇäÏæ Ïí ÓæÊæ</strong></span></span></p>

<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>(1496-1542)</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><strong>10- ÌÇäíÊ íáíä</strong></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" ><span ><span ><span ><strong>ÇáãÕÏÑ: ÅäÝÓÊæÈíÏíÇ</strong></span></span></span></p>
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ÇáãÕÏÑ... (https://www.argaam.com/ar/article/articledetail/id/1713628)